Chloride of Lime in Sanitation by Albert Huntington Hooker

Author:Albert Huntington Hooker
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: J. Wiley & sons; [etc ., etc.]
Published: 1913-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Some of the products of decomposition are of a simple character, well known in nature. Part of them are odoriferous and others are not. If we subtract from the original organic constituents of sewage the sum of all of the well-known simple decomposition products and also the residual humified matter, there are still left numerous intermediate compounds which are dissolved in sewage and about which data are limited.

This subject of decomposition is important, as it is intimately associated with the efficiency and economy of disposal projects.

190. Sewage Bacteria.

Fuller, George W. Sewage Disposal, New York, 1912, p. 123.

Sewage bacteria include at times the germs of typhoid fever, Asiatic cholera, and diarrhoea. These diseases are abnormally prevalent in communities receiving in an unpurified condition a water supply that is sewage polluted.

There is no room for doubt about a little sewage creating much mischief if it enters a water supply only for a few hours at rare intervals. It is a serious

menace to the public health. Sewage bacteria should not be delivered to water consumers. They should either be prevented from entering the water supply if that is practicable, or if such prevention is impracticable they should be removed by efficient filtration or sterilization or both.

There are other means of transmitting water-borne diseases than by the pubUc water suppUes. This is well shown by the variations in death rates of neighboring cities which receive the same pubHc water supply.

191. Pathogenic Germs in Sewage.

Phelps, £. B. The Disinfection of Water and Sewage. Proceedings of ike Enqineers* Clvb of PhUaddphia, Vol. 27, p. 135-161, 1910.

The most exhaustive study of the problem of pathogenic germs in sewage that has been made, was carried out by Houston imder the auspices of the Royal Sewage Commission of Great Britain, as a result of which it was concluded that " the biological processes at work in the filters were not strongly inimical, if hostile at all, to the viability of pathogenic germs." It is the speaker's opinion, based upon all the available evidence and upon a long personal experience with investigations of this character, that the removal of pathogenic germs by rapid filtration methods is not greater than would be accomplished naturally in the streams in an equal period of time. That such removal is considerable is frankly admitted. In the course of a few hours or of a day, under natural stream conditions, great improvement is always noted. This improvement, however, has not been sufficient to prevent the disastrous typhoid fever epidemics of Lawrence, Mass., Butler, Pa., Ithaca, N. Y., and other places too numerous to mention.

Houston performed the following experiment: B. pyocyaneus, a pathogenic organism, was applied to the top of a trickling filter, and ten minutes later the bacillus appeared in the effluent, continuing to be discharged for ten days. In a similar manner the same organisms were found to pass through a septic tank and a contact filter successively and to persist in both for nine days.

Abstracts and References, 191-198.

143

192. Removal of Bacteria by Filters.

Removal of 20** C.

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